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People in the United States were called yankees. Since the Civil War, the term has been a widely used synonym for the Northern side of the conflict, and has increasingly lost the more subtle historical connotations.
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There were 173,000 black soldiers in the Union Army during the Civil war. The main use of these men was for cleaning camps, building defenses and garrison duty. In 1864 the war Department issued a directive which forbade the use of black troops for labor purposes, but that order was largely ignored by the status quo. Nerveless, black troops did get into combat and fought as well as their white comrades. They proved themselves at place like Milliken’s Bend and Fort Wager, and by helping the North win the war they also won for themselves equal citizenship.